He whakapuakanga nui ngā motokā hīkō i te whakaiti i te mate ā-waiwairua, ina he whakamahere mātauranga e tūhono ana ki te whakaiti i ngā pūmau kauwhata i mua i ngā motokā rūndeni rāwhiti. Ki te huri i te pūngao whatu ki ngā whakaaetanga arohatia atu, ka tautoko ngā motokā hīkō i te pai ake o te hā o te whenua—hei whakarite tonu hei whakamana i ngā taiao-ā-pōrere i tēnei ao i roto i ngā momo tāone e kitea ana ngā take kauwhata. Ki te whakarāpopotonga o te Kāwanatanga Pūngao Ao (IEA), ka whiwhi ai te ao katoa i te whakaiti i ngā pūmau karboni (CO2) e 1.5 gigatonahina ana ki te 2030. Ko tēnei nui rawa te āhua e whakaatu ana i te noho pai ki te huri ki ngā ara waka aroha ake. Nā te mea hoki, e kore e puta mai i ngā motokā hīkō (EVs) iwi pūmau, ka whakatika atu ki te mate hāpori i roto i ngā tāone, ko te mea nui he hononga kino ki ngā take hauora pērā i ngā mate hākinakina, ā, ka tautoko i te ora pai me te tiaki i te taiao.
Te whakaatero i ngā motu hīkoi hou (NEVs) he mea tika ki ngā mahi ā-waka hei tiaki i te āhuarangi, e kitea ana i ngā whakaaetanga tuatahi o te ao pērā i te Whakaaetanga o Pari, e hiahia ana ki te whakaiti i te āhua o te āhuarangi ki raro i te 2 matū Celcius. Ki runga i ngā rāngai whakatere, ka whakanui te whakamahi i ngā NEV kia taea ai ngā whenua kia oti i ngā taumata whakaiti herehere nuku e hiahia ana, pērā i te hiahia a te UE ki te whakaiti i ngā herehere nuku i te tau 2030. Ki te whakatō i take ki ngā NEV, ka whakapakari ngā whenua i tō rātou whakaaetanga mō te mahi āhuarangi, ā, ka tohungia he take whakangao i ngā momo hanga herehere waiora, ka whakapai i tō rātou mana ki te ao. Nō reira, kei te nui ngā kaupapa nei hei whakatipu i te waiora ā-wāhi me te whakatipu i te hiranga ā-hoko, nā te mea ka whakawhanake te hanga me te whakauru i ngā huarahi tūtonu ki te kāinga. Ka whakapai anō tēnei whakaritenga o te ao i te whakaaweawe i ngā NEV hei mea iti noa iho ko tōna hiahia ki te waiora, engari he whakataunga pono hoki hei otinga i ngā whakahaere āhuarangi whānui.
Nō te waka huakina hou (NEVs), āe me te waka huakina iti (EVs), he nui ngā paunga noa iho mō te oranga taihoro, ka tīmata i te utu kaiherehere iti. Kaore rawa ngā utu whakahaere mō ngā NEVs hei whakatū mai i te itinga o te hiko, e rerekē ana i te utu moenga. Ki te purongo mai i te Tari Pūngao o te Pāremata Amerika, ka whakamana ngā urungi o ngā EV i te iti nei, he $800 ki te tau i roto i te kaiherehere. Ko tēnei whakaititia nui i whakapakarihia e ngā utu whakahaere iti. Kaore te EV i te mea nui o ngā whatu kēkeke, ko tēnā kaore he nuinga o ngā whatu kei te korenga, ko tēnā kaore he utu whakahaere nui i runga i te wā. Ko tēnei aronga noa iho o ngā NEV he tūranga whakamua mō te whakahaukotia nui ake.
Ki te whiwhi noa i te utu tuatahi e roa atu ana, kei raro i a NEV ngā taute pūmau mo te wā e hirango nei i te mīhini motokā. Ko te rangahau e whakaae ana ki runga i te Kōwhiringa Whai Wawetanga Taiao o te Motu (NREL) ka taea e ngā EV te whakaiti i ngā utu katoa o te tangata whenua i waenganui i $4,000 me $7,000 i runga i te wā o te oranga o te motokā. E pā ana enei taute iti i te urutomo iti whakahērangi āhuarangi me ngā utu whakahaere iti. No reira, kei roto i ētahi atu NEV ngā uaua whakatupu roa me ngā utu inoha iti, whakapakari i te paihere haere i te wā. Ko tēnei he tohutohu hoki i te mea ko ngā utu katoa o te mana motokā o NEV he iti nui rawa, me mutu he take pūtea hei whakaaro noa i te hunga kaimahi e hiahia ana ki te whai i ngā whakamārama hanga i te ao.
Nā ngā kāwanatanga i roto i te ao e tūhura ana te whirinaki ki ngā motokā hou ā-rohe (NEVs) mā te tuku tohu whakaiti moe me ngā whakaaetanga hoko. E whai ake nei ngā whakaaetanga nei i te whakahēenga o ngā utu hoko tuatahi mō ngā NEV, me te whakanui i te whakaaturanga mō ngā kaihoko. Hei tauira, i te Taitokerau, ka taea e ngā kaihoko o ngā motokā rīpea te wātea atu o $7,500 i ngā tohu whakaiti motu. Ko tēnei tautoko moni he whakamahere e hokiwhiti ana i te whakaaetanga o ngā NEV, e whakapakari ana i ngā hoko me te whakapai i te whanonga arohatia. Kua whakatūhia e ētahi atu whenua ngā mahi taurite hei tautoko i te whirinaki ki te haere whakamua ki ngā ara waka kikoao me te whakahaere i te whakamahi o ngā motokā hou ā-rohe i runga i te ao.
Ko Hona e whakatū ana hei tauranga rahi mō ngā motokā hou o te pūngao hou, i whakangungu ai i ngā whakamana nui ki te whakaputa me te hanga whenua. I whakaritehia e te kāwanatanga o Honiana ēnei matatika nui mō te whakamahere i ngā motokā hou o te pūngao hou, ko te hiahia kia puta mai 20% o ngā poraka motokā ki te tahuhu i te tau 2025. Ko tēnei whakangungu mōteatea e whakamana ana i te hanga noa i te ao me te whakamana i te mana o Honiana ki ngā tauranga rahi o ngā motokā hou o te pūngao hou. Ko te kaiwhakawehi, te utu, me te hiranga whakawai nei e whakaatu ana i te hiahia o Honiana ki te whakawhanake i tōna nui i roto i te horopaki o ngā motokā hou o te pūngao hou, me te whakapakari i tētahi āheinga i waenganui i ngā ratonga whakahaere i te oranga.
Kei te whakamana ngā whakarite mō te tahuri iho ki ngā motokā hou nei. Kei te hanga ngā whenua he matataki hei pūnaha i ngā motokā puha (ICE), me te whakapakari i te whirihiri ki ngā NEV. Hei tauira, i tāpaea e Norui i ngā mahere kia noho āhea te hoko i ngā motokā roroa i te 2025, e whakaatu ana i tōna aroha nui ki te kaihono haerenga. E ai ki enei whakarite, ka whakahauhia te hunga whakangungu me te whakatō moni ki roto i ngā momo hanga NEV, me te whakarite i te ara ki ngā motokā kahurangi anō. Ki te whakatūria e roanga atu o ngā whenua enei matataki, ka tūhura ake te wāhanga motokā o te ao ki te whai i ngā whakarite nui e hāngai ana ki te whakaiti i ngā taone karboni, me te whakapai i te oranga taiao.
Ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā pūoro hanga whenua ki te whakaaturanga me te haurongo o ngā motokā hou rāngai-enereti (NEVs) mā te tuku mai i ētahi huanga matua. Kei a rātou te wānanga i te kaha o te ēneiti, i ngā wā moe kīwī e tere ana, me te pai ake i runga i ngā pūoro lithium-ion o mua. Nā ngā kaunihi matua pērā i Toyota me Samsung te tuku moni nui ki tēnei momo hanga, me ngā pūmau kua kitea he wāhanga motokā roa ake me te itinga iho o te motokā. Hei 2025, kei ngā whakarere i te kōrero kua kitea e ngā whakarato kaiwhakaāhua i te kaha hoki o ngā wāhanga NEV me te whakapai i te hiahia o ngā konohi noa iho.
Te whakawhanake o ngā tūmomo whakapai haere mō te wā kua noho tūranga matua hei whakatipu i te hiranga me te whaimana o te whānga i te motokā hou ēnei. Ki te nui ake ngā tūmomo whakapai haere e tae ana ki ngā whenua-kainga me ngā wāhi noho iti, ka nui ake te mōhio me te taea rawa e ai ki ngā konohi. Ko te Tohu Paerewa Huarahi Motokā Pūmotu, i tataki mai i te tau e toru tekau nei, ko te āheinga whakawhanake o ngā tūmomo whakapai haere i waia i runga i te 50%, e whakangāwari ana i te mamae 'range anxiety' - he tūtohu nui o te kore whakaae i te motokā ēnei hou. Nā reira, ko te whakatū i te hangarau whakapai haere tūmanawa hei whakahaere i te whakaae o ngā konohi ki te motokā hou ēnei.
He mea hou rawa te whakamahi i te mātao Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) hei tautoko i te whai ake o ngā motokā hou ā-wāhi ki roto i ngā rīpoata ēneiti. Ka taea e ngā motokā hou ā-wāhi e whakaritea ana ki te V2G kia mahi hei kāpiti ēneiti, ka tuku atu rātau i te ēneiti i waenganui ki te rīpoata, inaianei i ngā wā nui i te tono. E ai ki tēnei mātao, ka whiwhi anō hoki ngā urupare moni mō ngā tangata e piki ana i ēneiti hou, ā, ka tautokono i te whai here katoa o te ēneiti. Ko te rangahau i mahi ake e te Pacific Northwest National Laboratory i whakaatu mai he nui ngā whakaiti moni i whiwhi ai ngā konohi me te tino whakaiti i ngā utu ēneiti katoa, ka tūtonu hoki i te whakaawe me te pūmau o ngā motokā hou ā-wāhi.
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