Nāo i te whakaputa mai ngā Ratounga Huanga Hou (NEVs) hei tūtohu mō te oranga noa i runga i te taiao hei whakarite i ngā motokā nuku nei, e āhei ana tonu ki te whakaiti i te kīnaki ki ngā pūngao huangaro me te whakangahau i ngā pānga o te huringa āhuarangi. Ko ngā motokā nei ko ngā momo Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), me ngā Ratounga Pūhanga (FCVs). He nui ngā painga e tū mai nei, ko ngā BEVs e mahi ana ki te waihanga i te huarahi anake, ko ngā PHEVs e whakauru ana i te kaha o te pūngao motokā nui, me ngā FCVs e whakamahi ana i ngā pūhanga haidrō i roto i te waihanga i te huarahi.
1. Ratounga Waihanga Anake (BEVs) : Kei te kawe kaha ano enei motokā ki te waihanga, kaore he wheako i mua, me te whai oranga noa iho rātou.
2. Ko ngā waka hiko-hiko-puka (PHEV) : Kei te whakamahi ngā PHEVs i te whakaaetanga o te waihanga me te pūngao motokā nui hoki hei whakawhanake i te roa haere.
3. Ratounga Pūhanga (FCVs) : Inahea te whakamahi i ngā pū kaihiko hāwera hei whakato i te iti hiko, ko te kaweake wai kōwhai noa iho te āhua o te pūtake.
Ko te kāinga tuatahi kua kitea ngā tirohanga nui i roto i ngā hoko NEV me ngā āheinga whakaaetanga. Ki runga i ngā purongo ā-motu e rere ana, kua whai wā ka whai ake ngā mōhiohio ā-kai nei me te whanaketanga i roto i te kāinga, inaianei i ngā wāhi e piki ana ngā ture me ngā hanganga mō te whakariterite. Ki te mōhio he aha ngā waka hou e pā ana ki te hiko hou me ōna momo, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakatau mai i ngā mahi whai take tonu ki te haerenga.
Kei te whakaiti i ngā hae whakamau kaipū i te taiao nui atu ngā Motokā Hīkoi Hou (NEVs) i runga i ngā motokā horahanga matua (ICE). Hei tauira, ko ngā taunakitanga e taea ana kia kitea he iti noa iho ngā hae whakamau mō ngā BEVs ki waho mai i te hanga ki te whakareherehetanga. Ko te hurihanga ki ngā NEVs, he whakatū pūmau i ngā whakaititia i ngā hae GHG, me ngā matatika e taea ana kia kitea he 60% iti ake ngā hae i runga i ngā take pai rawa, i raro i ngā motokā ICE.
Ko ngā rōpū tirotiro āhuarangi matua, pēnei i te Kāwai Whakahaere Mō ngā Horahanga Pūrewa Iti o te Ao, e whakamana ana i ngā raraunga e paatu ana i ngā paunga hē i roto i te ao o ngā NEVs i runga i ngā motokā ICE. Nā te mea, e rerekē ana ngā paunga hē o te ao o te hunga, e āhei ana te whakarite i te hanga, te whakamahi, me ngā whakawā i te tūranga o te hunga, i raro i ngā momo hiko i hanga i ngā whenua rerekē me ngā mahi hanga pūrahi. Inaianei, ko te tino rangatiratanga hei whakaiti i ngā hae mō te whakaaetanga i ngā NEVs, he mea nui tēnā hei tautoko i ngā tūtohitanga ā-tūroa mō te taiao.
Ki te hurihia i ngā motokā PEA ki ngā NEV, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā pai anō i te iti i ngā whakatū pūtaiao GHG, me whakaawhiwhitia nei ngā NEV hei wāhanga nui o ngā mahi whakangaro mō te huringa ā-hua. Ko tēnei iti he mea nui i ngā wāhi e hiahia ana ki te whakakore i ngā whakapuenga huaroa rātou ko ngā kauhanganui ā-rite, me whai ake nei i ngā painga taiao o ngā NEV.
Ka whai ake ngā huinga wera ā-tāone (Urban Heat Island - UHI) i te mea ko ngā tāone he mea nui rawa atu te uha o ngā wāhi iti, nō te mahi tangata me ngā whakangungu hanganga pūnaha, pērā i ngā whare me ngā ara. Ko ngā waka konikoni e tautoko ana i ēnei uha nui ki te takahi i te wera me ngā kaiwhara. Heoi anō, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā huinga wera ā-tāone mā te wherawhera atu ki ngā Waka Pūao Hou (NEVs). Ko ngā NEV, pērā i ngā waka pūao, ka whakahēki i te wera i roto i te mahi, ahakoa iti noa te wero, ka mahia mai rānei i te whakatū whenua kahurangi me te whakapai i te pai o te oranga i roto i ngā tāone. I whakaaturia e tētahi raraunga i te 2021, ko ngā tāone i whakaae ki ngā NEV, tae atu ki te whakapai i ngā whenua kahurangi, ka puta he raru iti i ngā uha o te wāhi, ka whakamahina ai ngā huinga wera ā-tāone.
Kei te whai take ngā motokā PAKI (ICE) mō te mate ā-ahuru, e tīmata ana i ngā mea hē pūkana, pērā i ngā niropene oksinita (NOx) me ngā kohinga motuhi (PM), ka whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga hauora o te katoa. Hei tā ngā tatau, he whakapapa tuatahi kei waenganui i te mate ā-ahuru me ngā mate pūhau, pērā i te hāehe me te bronkitis. Nā hea, e whai ake nei ngā Motokā Hīnati Hou (NEVs) i te wā mo te whakapakari i te mana o te hawahe, ki te kore e tīmata ana i te whakaputu mai i ngā mea hē (ki te motokā rorohiko anake), rānei ki te iti haere noa i ngā taumaha (pērā i ngā hībri). Ki te kawe pūtaiao a te Rōpū Hauora o te Ao, kei ngā tāone e nui rawa ana te āheinga kawe i ngā NEV, kua kitea he iti iho i ngā takahi whare rawa i mua i ngā mate hāehe me ngā mate hauora o te manawa. Kua tohungia ai tēnei tono ki te whakawhanake ki ngā NEV kia whakatipu ai te mana o te hawahe, ā, kia puta hoki i te whakamana hei whakaora o ētahi mate hauora.
Kei te whakaatu i ngā hanganga tuhono o ngā motokā hou nei (NEVs) ngā tūranga nui mo te taiao, inaianei ko ngā mahi whakamua me te kaiwhakahaere whenua hei whakapuaki. Ko te hanga i ngā motokā hou nei, ā, in particular ko ngā pari o rātou, kei te noho nui tonu ki ngā matāpuke pērā i te rītini me te kobana, e whai ake nei i ngā mahi whakamua nui me ngā tūpono mō te taiao. Kei te hanga o ēnei pari, he mahi e kaiwhakauru ana i ngā iti mea o te wā me te whakatuku i ngā whakaputu nui. He tūranga nui ko te whiuaro mō te whakapuaki o te rītini, ka taea e ia te mate i te wai me te whakawānanga, ka whakaritea te hunga whenua. Ki te kitea, e pai ana ngā motokā hou nei hei whakatika i te ara haere, engari ko ngā whiuaro o te hanga he tūranga whakarerekē. Ki te kiko raraunga, kei te whakapau i ngā pai o ngā motokā rītini, ka mutu ai ngā whakapuaki tuhono i te hanga i waenganui i ngā marama 6 ki te 16 i te whakamahi. Ka whai ake nei i te hanga i ngā pai o te whakapai i te huarere o ngā matāpuke pari i raro i te whakahoki me ngā momo hanga hou, ka whakamahia hei whakangungu i ēnei tūranga hanga.
Kia whiwhi ngā NEVs i te horopaki taiao matua, me hanga i a rātou i runga i ngā pūngao haere whenua rangatira, nō reira e hīkohia ana ō rātou paunga i te wāhi o te hiko. Mēnā ka rangatira te hiko, ka heke iho ngā kaweā ki runga i ō rātou ao māuiui. Heoi anō, kei te noho tonu ngā tūhura, nā te mea kaore te whakangungu herehere hiko o nāianei i te whakarite i tōna āhua hei tautoko i te whakamahinga matua o ngā pūngao haere whenua. Ki tēnei wā, e kitea ana ngā pūngao haere whenua hei whakapuakitanga matua, engari kaore i te pai ki te whakapai i te katoa o te hiko. I te tau 2022, ko ngā pūngao haere whenua me ngā pūngao kore-karbona i whakaae ki te 55% o te whakahaere hiko i Minnesota, me āheinga whakamua, ā, me āheinga hoki i te hiahia ki te whakapai i te whakangungu herehere. Ko te whakawhiti tonu ki te whakahaere hiko kore-karōni whakamua hei whakamana i te paunga o ngā NEVs ki te whakaiti i ngā kaweā, ā, hei whakatika hoki i te mahi i te whakataki i te momo huringa ā-ātea. Ki te whai ake te whakapai i te whakahaere hiko, ka taea e ngā NEVs te whakapai i te ara haere whakamua.
Ko Tānui i kitea te weheke nui i te kāwhangahanga o ngā motokā hou ā-tau (NEV), whakatakoto ana hei tūhono mua ki te ao. Ki te 2023, ko ngā NEV he wāhanga e tika ana i te 20% o ngā pūmotu katoa i hoko tonu ai ki Tānui, whakamahia ana e te whakapae o te kāwhangahanga me te whakaae matua o te kāwanatanga. Ko tēnei weheke nui nei ka noho nui atu i ngā whakaaetanga a te kāwanatanga, pērā i ngā uutu me ngā whakarite e whakahaere ana i ngā kaiwhakawehi me ngā kaihoko kia whakaae ki ngā motokā hou ā-tau. Hei tauira, ko te kāwanatanga o Tānui i whakauru kē i ngā take moana mo ngā hoko NEV, me te whakawhiwhi i a rātou ki te hunga roa. I tēnei whakataurite, ko te whakaaro nui a Tānui e whakapā mai ana i ngā whakaaetanga itiiti o ētahi atu whenua, me te whakamātau i ngā whakaaetanga me te whakahaere. Ko te ture matua a Tānui e whakamanahia ana i tōna tuatahitanga ki te kāwhangahanga o ngā NEV, ā, e whakatupu ana hoki i ngā whakawehenga o te kāwhangahanga ki te ao.
Nā ngā hiranga whakangū i roto i te hunga here motokā (NEV) o Aotearoa, e pā ana ki ngā rautaki me ngā take tuku iho o te ao. Ki te kīnaki āhua motokā hiko (EV), ka whiwhi Aotearoa i te wehi mō te whakatere i ngā momo hangarau ki waenganui i ngā whenua. Ko tēnei kīnaki āhua e whakapakari ana i te wawara whakapai i waenganui i ngā motu, e whakaharahara ana i ngā atawaenga hangarau hei whai i te aha kia tae ki ngā hiranga o Aotearoa. Nā ngā pūrongo, ko te mana o Aotearoa ki ngā motokā here e whakatūhia ana i te whakapai me te whakaaro hou i waenganui i ngā motu, e tohungia nei te nuinga o tana kīnakitanga. Ko ngā ukuuku o te mana o Aotearoa he nui, e pā ana ki ngā take tuku iho o te ao me te whakapakari i te ahunga matua me te whakatupu i te ahunga here motokā o te ao. Ki te whakatakoto i ngā paihere nui me te whakamua i tēnei rāngai, ka whakawhitiwhiti anō Aotearoa i tana whenua tuatahi, ā, ka whakaae hoki i ngā tūranga whakamua o te haere pai i runga i ngā ara whakatuturu.
He hēngī te rākau ture whai take kia whakatūhia ai ngā whaiparatanga hokohoko e hiahiatia ana mō ngā motokā hou ā-wae (NEV). Ki te whiwhi i te whakaaetanga o te hunga NEV, me whakaae ngā kāwanatanga ki te whakatakoto i ngā pūnaha whakarite hapa me ngā wāhi whakawhiti paerau i roto i ngā paearahī me ngā wāhititanga. Hei tauira, ko ngā tāone nui pērā i Oslo rāua ko Amsterdam i āhei haere ngā ture whai take i whakaaetahi ai te whakamahi i ngā NEV, ā, i tautoko i ngā rākau whakarite hōhonu. Nā ēnei mahi ka kitea he momo taurangi mō te tuku ture ki te whakapae i te whakaharahara whaiparatanga, me te tautoko i te whakamutunga pai ki ngā NEV. Ki te whakatō i te utu ki te whaiparatanga me te hanga i tētahi taiao ture tautoko, ka whakamana ngā kāwanatanga i ō rātau pūtake matihiko whakahirahira.
He mea nui te whakamua i ngā mahi whakangungu hei whakapai me te whakapakari i ngā motokā eketeka (EVs). Ngā whakaawenga hou i roto i ngā mahi whakangungu, pēnei i te hanga o Tesla i ngā paoro lihinga-ion, kua whakapai i te rapunga whenua ā-tau tonu, ahakoa te iti iho i ngā utu, no reira kua whakapai ake te pai o ngā NEV. Ahakoa atu, ngā whakamua i roto i te hunga whatiwhatia i waenganui nei hei tūranga whakapai i te pai me te haumanu o ngā NEV. Ki te kōrero mai i ngā rautaki hou, ka whakahaere ngā mahi whakangungu hou me ngā mōhiotanga whakatauki e whakapai ana i ngā ratonga kaweake a ngā NEV. Ko te whakawai ake tonu o te hunga whakangungu ka taea ai e ngā NEV e kitea nei te ara ki te wāhi whakarite, ā, ka whakaae hoki ki te whakaiti i ngā taiao e tae ana ki te whakatika i te hā o te rangi, ka tirohia he whakaaetanga ki ngā matatika aoao o te ao.
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